(Malta) Cancer patients denied cannabis, made to do chemo instead

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url: hMPp://www.maltatoday.com.mt/en/newsdetails/news/national/Cancer-patients-denied-cannabis-made-to-do-chemo-instead-20130928


Cancer patients denied cannabis, made to do chemo instead


Several studies by top medical researchers, including from Harvard University, have concluded that the drug cannabis sativa (aka marijuana) provides more effective treatment for different types cancer than chemotherapy, without the severe side effects associated with the exposure to radiation.

But patients who seek this alternative form of therapy in Malta are denied access to cannabis-based products, on the pretext that the plant from which they are derived is listed on the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance of 1971.

One local patient, who asked not to be named, contacted MaltaToday to recount his own experiences after reading an article about the medical properties of marijuana in our Wednesday edition.

"I am currently undergoing cancer treatment at Mater Dei Hospital, with the usual chemotherapy and medicine they stuff into you here... and I'm also a person who really believes in the medical benefits of marijuana."

His requests for cannabis oil - identified as an effective treatment for the type of cancer in question by research published in Advance Access, the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (Germany) in 2007 - were turned down at Mater Dei.

"I would like for doctors to start to think about the beneficial use of marijuana in certain diseases... I have also forwarded to my doctors some studies, but it's all in vain, as these people are the salesman of big pharma companies."

Cannabis is not the only alternative remedy unavailable in Maltese hospitals. Requests for entirely legal, nutrition-based remedies have likewise fallen on deaf ears.

"Doctors are not keen on using natural remedies and good nutrition in helping to treat this disease, like superfoods and herbal supplements, which are of great benefit to our immune system. If you see the hospital's food, it's like you went to McDonalds: a really disgusting food prepared for the masses..."

Efforts to contact the Oncology Unit at Boffa Hospital on its listed telephone numbers this week proved futile, with one hospital receptionist eventually admitting (when contacted through the customer care unit at Mater Dei) that the telephones had been deliberately disconnected so as not to receive calls.

"We're very busy today," was the official reason for this bizarre state of affairs.

It is not known exactly how many patients have requested cannabis-based products to treat cancer. But there is mounting evidence that Malta's medical establishment may simply be unaware of the in-depth research that has been conducted into the subject of medical marijuana over the past decade.

Dr George Grech, clinical director of Malta's drug dependency unit, Sedqa, admitted that he had never heard of studies that were published in the British and American Journals of Medicine (among many others) about the success rate of cannabis in treating cancerous tumours.

"As far as I am aware there is research going on, mostly in the USA, about the use of cannabis as a painkiller in cases of terminal illness. Researchers are trying to separate the beneficial components of the plant from other components that have been linked to psychosis," he said.

Commenting only about the use of cannabis to treat pain, Grech said that local patients were not being denied treatment, because "there are alternative painkillers to cannabis".

But medical research goes well beyond these claims: on Wednesday this newspaper published a synthesis of the conclusions of 20 medical studies - all published in respected medical journals from institutions such as the US National Library of Medicine, Harvard University and the British Medical Journal - that suggest the chemical properties of cannabis sativa may be useful in the treatment of various cancers and also other conditions such as diabetes, muscular dystrophy and motor neurone disease.

A list of these studies is appended to this article.

Among them is a 2007 study by Harvard University and published by the American Association for Cancer Research, which discovered that "the active ingredient in marijuana (THC) cuts tumour growth in common lung cancer by half, and significantly reduces the ability of the cancer to spread.

"Researchers injected standard doses of THC into mice that had been implanted with human lung cancer cells, and found that tumours were reduced in size and weight by around 50% in treated animals, compared to the control group. There was also a 60% reduction in cancer lesions on the lungs in these mice, as well as a significant reduction in protein markers associated with cancer progression."

Similar findings were registered in subsequent tests which also looked at other forms of cancer.

Among the different strains that responded well to treatment using THC were brain tumours, pancreatic, breast, blood and liver cancers.
 
Nor are the medical properties of marijuana limited to cancer, it would seem. Last May, Time magazine published the results of a study suggesting the substance could also be used to treat diabetes, a condition which is understood to affect a staggering 15% of Malta's population.

Citing a study published by The American Journal of Medicine, Time observed that "the research included over 4,600 men and women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2010. Among them, 48% had smoked marijuana at least once in their lives, and 12% were current cannabis smokers. The authors controlled for other factors like age, sex, income, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and physical activity that could also affect diabetes risk.

"Even after these adjustments, the current marijuana users showed fasting insulin levels that were 16% lower than those of former or never users, along with a 17% reduction in another measure of insulin resistance as well. Higher levels on both tests are associated with Type 2 diabetes, which is linked with obesity. Marijuana users also had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein, the so-called good cholesterol, which can protect against heart disease."



Hope from dope: how different cancers can be treated using marijuana

Brain cancer

A study published in the British Journal of Cancer and conducted by the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Complutense University in Madrid found that THC (the main active compound in marijuana) decreased tumour cells in two out of the nine patients.
A study published in The Journal of Neuroscience examined the biochemical events in both acute neuronal damage and in slowly progressive, neurodegenerative diseases. They found that THC reduced neuronal injury in rats, and that the cannabinoid system can serve to protect the brain against neurodegeneration.
A study published in The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics concluded that cannabidiol (CBD, a property of cannabis) was able to produce a significant anti-tumour activity.
Breast cancer

A study published by the US National Library of Medicine and conducted by the California Pacific Medical Centre determined that cannabidiol inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. They also demonstrated that CBD significantly reduces tumour mass.
A study published in The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics determined that THC as well as cannabidiol dramatically reduced breast cancer cell growth.
A study published in the journal Molecular Cancer showed that THC reduced tumour growth and tumour numbers. They determined that cannabinoids inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce cancer cell apoptosis and impair tumour angiogenesis.
Lung cancer

A study published in the journal Oncogene, by the Harvard Medical School's Experimental Medicine Department determined that THC inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration and more.
A study published by the US National Library of Medicine determined that cannabinoids inhibit cancer cell invasion. Effects were confirmed in primary tumour cells from a lung cancer patient. Overall, data indicated that cannabinoids decrease cancer cell invasiveness.
A study published by the US National Library of Medicine and conducted by Harvard Medical School investigated the role of cannabinoid receptors in lung cancer cells. They determined its effectiveness and suggested that it should be used for treatment against lung cancer cells.
Prostate cancer

A study published by the US National Library of Medicine illustrates a decrease in prostatic cancer cells by acting through cannabinoid receptors.
A study published in the US National Library of Medicine outlined multiple studies proving the effectiveness of cannabis on prostate cancer.
• Another study published by the US National Library of Medicine determined that clinical testing of CBD against prostate carcinoma is a must.

Blood cancer

A study published in the journal Molecular Pharmacology recently showed that cannabinoids induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma.
A study published in the International Journal of Cancer also determined and illustrated that cannabinoids exert antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in various types of cancer and in mantle cell lymphoma.
A study published in the US National Library of Medicine and conducted by the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology by Virginia Commonwealth University determined that cannabinoids induce apoptosis in leukaemia cells.
Oral cancer

A study published by the US National Library of Medicine results shows cannabinoids are potent inhibitors of cellular respiration and are toxic to highly malignant oral tumours.
Liver cancer

A study published by the US National Library of Medicine determined that that THC reduces the viability of human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and reduced their growth.
Pancreatic cancer

A study published in The American Journal of Cancer showed that cannabinoid administration reduced the growth of tumour cells and inhibited the spread of pancreatic tumour cells.
 
Cannabis definitely has antitumor properties, and there are numerous studies out there to prove it. Unfortunately for severe late-stage cancers, cannabis may not be the best treatment. Many chemotherapy patients use cannabis to relieve nausea/vomiting and if cannabis was a real cure, there cancers would go away. The future of cannabis use in medicine is looking real promising though as we're starting to realize how to properly utilize the plant to help limit/prevent cancer and even treat smaller stage tumors.

The only problem is all strains are different and properties of THC vs. CBD are also different. These two important psychotropic components of marijuana are responsible for many of the therapeutic benefits and they often times differ greatly in their effects. I'm pretty sure soon we'll know exactly how to use them and in what context.
 

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