No, but then again it depends where your from..
If its a work related drugs test i.e for a driving job, heavy machinery job, then no, you will most likely get laid off and that specific company will keep record and probably wont give you a reference.. but if its government related or part of an investigation then who knows..
But the proof you have taken drugs will not mean anything. like they say "Posession is 9/10ths of the law" meaning the 5-0 aint gonna give you a beating because your smoking green, oh no... the 5-0 are gonna give you a beating for holding, or "dealing" as they like to call it. Having the stuff is whats gonna get you into trouble, not taking it, even if its personal.
