16-18 inches works perfect for me. Neither of my lights is vented. My grow room door is always fully open with a pedestal fan blowing in on high from about 3 feet away, pointed at the lights. The room stays at about 75-85.
I'm told by friends that my bud is always the best they've ever smoked. I agree.
Closer than 16 and I see damage starting on the leaves. Further than 18 and I notice a slowing in growth and the leaves start reaching.
You have to also consider that every grow room is different from every other grow room. Even in the same house, the rooms will have different characteristics.
Overall, the floor type, wall type, RH, fan pattern and speed, media type or mix, root health, heck, almost everything can affect how your plants will react to the conditions in your grow room.
There are boundaries. Over 90F or 33C degrees and more often than not, you're going to have problems.
Root Drowning. Everyone has done it.
Lights too close and plants turned into mummies.
It's an exact science in a laboratory, not someones house.